Computer cases store all your components and help maintain it's operating environment. Look for a good quality case as poor quality cases can have sharp metal edges and will bend under load.
Most modern PC cases have RGB lighting and fans fitted as standard. They have a side window and mood lighting to show off your components.
There are 4 main standards of case. ITX for small board computers. MicroATX for standard motherboards, ATX for full size M/B and EATX for larger workstation builds. Check what kind of motherboard and GPU you are buying.
Secondly most cases have 2 drive bays for 2.5 inch drives and may have several bays for 3.5" drives. Consider your storage needs now and in the future.
Cooling is of paramount importance for every computer build. There should be a separate bay for the PSU intake and exhaust. A rear 120 mm fan beside the CPU socket is recommended as a minimum.
If considering liquid cooling make sure that your case has sufficient room at the top of the case. If in doubt go bigger. The front fans help cool system storage and increase the overall airflow in the case.
If you are purchasing extra fans for use with your case look for those with better quality ball or fluid bearings. Cheaper sleeve bearing fans will wear out in less than a year in some cases.